[lxc-devel] [lxc/master] cgroup2: add bpf device controller live update

brauner on Github lxc-bot at linuxcontainers.org
Sun Dec 1 15:52:04 UTC 2019


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From e4dffa2f972db6f92aa894bc0b103f8cd95c74dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2019 11:55:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/5] api_extension: add cgroup2_devices api extension

This will only be defined if liblxc was even compiled with bpf supported.
Support itself will be determined at runtime by liblxc itself.

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
---
 src/lxc/api_extensions.h | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/lxc/api_extensions.h b/src/lxc/api_extensions.h
index a063c0a75c..ba9ff7ff67 100644
--- a/src/lxc/api_extensions.h
+++ b/src/lxc/api_extensions.h
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+#include "config.h"
+
 /*
  * api_extensions is the list of all API extensions in the order they were
  * added.
@@ -50,6 +52,9 @@ static char *api_extensions[] = {
 	"network_gateway_device_route",
 	"network_phys_macvlan_mtu",
 	"network_veth_router",
+#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
+	"cgroup2_devices",
+#endif
 };
 
 static size_t nr_api_extensions = sizeof(api_extensions) / sizeof(*api_extensions);

From 46383a85a90c15da798c2859b5e2d5b979e9e46b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2019 15:00:29 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/5] macro: remove unused macros

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
---
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c |  2 +-
 src/lxc/macro.h                   | 79 ++++---------------------------
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
index 6616a180ed..d44ab32824 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ int bpf_program_cgroup_attach(struct bpf_program *prog, int type,
 	if (ret < 0)
 		return error_log_errno(errno, "Failed to attach bpf program");
 
-	free_and_replace(prog->attached_path, copy);
+	free_replace_move_ptr(prog->attached_path, copy);
 	prog->attached_type = type;
 	prog->attached_flags = flags;
 
diff --git a/src/lxc/macro.h b/src/lxc/macro.h
index 6f3379b3c4..d9d91cd527 100644
--- a/src/lxc/macro.h
+++ b/src/lxc/macro.h
@@ -460,6 +460,14 @@ enum {
 		-1;                    \
 	})
 
+#define free_replace_move_ptr(a, b) \
+	({                          \
+		free(a);            \
+		(a) = (b);          \
+		(b) = NULL;         \
+		0;                  \
+	})
+
 /* Container's specific file/directory names */
 #define LXC_CONFIG_FNAME      "config"
 #define LXC_PARTIAL_FNAME     "partial"
@@ -467,77 +475,6 @@ enum {
 #define LXC_TIMESTAMP_FNAME   "ts"
 #define LXC_COMMENT_FNAME     "comment"
 
-/* Taken from systemd. */
-#define free_and_replace(a, b) \
-	({                     \
-		free(a);       \
-		(a) = (b);     \
-		(b) = NULL;    \
-		0;             \
-	})
-
-#define XCONCATENATE(x, y) x##y
-#define CONCATENATE(x, y) XCONCATENATE(x, y)
-#define UNIQ_T(x, uniq) CONCATENATE(__unique_prefix_, CONCATENATE(x, uniq))
-#define UNIQ __COUNTER__
-#undef MIN
-#define MIN(a, b) __MIN(UNIQ, (a), UNIQ, (b))
-#define __MIN(aq, a, bq, b)                                                    \
-	({                                                                     \
-		const typeof(a) UNIQ_T(A, aq) = (a);                           \
-		const typeof(b) UNIQ_T(B, bq) = (b);                           \
-		UNIQ_T(A, aq) < UNIQ_T(B, bq) ? UNIQ_T(A, aq) : UNIQ_T(B, bq); \
-	})
-
-/* Taken from the kernel. */
-
-/*
- * min()/max()/clamp() macros must accomplish three things:
- *
- * - avoid multiple evaluations of the arguments (so side-effects like
- *   "x++" happen only once) when non-constant.
- * - perform strict type-checking (to generate warnings instead of
- *   nasty runtime surprises). See the "unnecessary" pointer comparison
- *   in __typecheck().
- * - retain result as a constant expressions when called with only
- *   constant expressions (to avoid tripping VLA warnings in stack
- *   allocation usage).
- */
-#define __typecheck(x, y) (!!(sizeof((typeof(x) *)1 == (typeof(y) *)1)))
-
-/*
- * This returns a constant expression while determining if an argument is
- * a constant expression, most importantly without evaluating the argument.
- * Glory to Martin Uecker <Martin.Uecker at med.uni-goettingen.de>
- */
-#define __is_constexpr(x) \
-	(sizeof(int) == sizeof(*(8 ? ((void *)((long)(x)*0l)) : (int *)8)))
-
-#define __no_side_effects(x, y) (__is_constexpr(x) && __is_constexpr(y))
-
-#define __safe_cmp(x, y) (__typecheck(x, y) && __no_side_effects(x, y))
-
-#define __cmp(x, y, op) ((x)op(y) ? (x) : (y))
-
-#define __cmp_once(x, y, unique_x, unique_y, op) \
-	({                                       \
-		typeof(x) unique_x = (x);        \
-		typeof(y) unique_y = (y);        \
-		__cmp(unique_x, unique_y, op);   \
-	})
-
-#define __careful_cmp(x, y, op)                                  \
-	__builtin_choose_expr(__safe_cmp(x, y), __cmp(x, y, op), \
-			      __cmp_once(x, y, __UNIQUE_ID(__x), \
-					 __UNIQUE_ID(__y), op))
-
-/**
- * min - return minimum of two values of the same or compatible types
- * @x: first value
- * @y: second value
- */
-#define min(x, y) __careful_cmp(x, y, <)
-
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x)                                                        \
 	(__builtin_choose_expr(!__builtin_types_compatible_p(typeof(x),      \
 							     typeof(&*(x))), \

From cce5a3d71696b402ae7316f569085c759435690b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2019 15:21:00 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/5] cgroups/cgfsng: "atomically" replace bpf device programs

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
---
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c | 38 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.c |  4 ++++
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h |  7 +++++++
 3 files changed, 36 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
index e6f6c0c74f..e2332abd10 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
@@ -2485,7 +2485,7 @@ static bool __cg_legacy_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
  * Some of the parsing logic comes from the original cgroup device v1
  * implementation in the kernel.
  */
-static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct lxc_conf *conf, const char *key,
+static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct cgroup_ops *ops, const char *key,
 				     const char *val)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
@@ -2500,8 +2500,8 @@ static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct lxc_conf *conf, const char *key,
 	char temp[50];
 	struct bpf_program *device;
 
-	if (conf->cgroup2_devices) {
-		device = conf->cgroup2_devices;
+	if (ops->cgroup2_devices) {
+		device = ops->cgroup2_devices;
 	} else {
 		device = bpf_program_new(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE);
 		if (device && bpf_program_init(device)) {
@@ -2514,7 +2514,7 @@ static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct lxc_conf *conf, const char *key,
 		return -1;
 	}
 
-	conf->cgroup2_devices = device;
+	ops->cgroup2_devices = device;
 
 	if (strcmp("devices.allow", key) == 0)
 		device_item.allow = 1;
@@ -2637,7 +2637,7 @@ static bool __cg_unified_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 		struct lxc_cgroup *cg = iterator->elem;
 
 		if (strncmp("devices", cg->subsystem, 7) == 0) {
-			ret = bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(conf, cg->subsystem,
+			ret = bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(ops, cg->subsystem,
 							cg->value);
 		} else {
 			fullpath = must_make_path(h->container_full_path,
@@ -2662,25 +2662,37 @@ __cgfsng_ops bool cgfsng_devices_activate(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
 	int ret;
+	struct lxc_conf *conf;
 	struct hierarchy *h = ops->unified;
-	struct bpf_program *device = handler->conf->cgroup2_devices;
+	struct bpf_program *devices_new = ops->cgroup2_devices;
 
 	if (!h)
 		return false;
 
-	if (!device)
+	if (!devices_new)
 		return true;
 
-	ret = bpf_program_finalize(device);
+	ret = bpf_program_finalize(devices_new);
 	if (ret)
 		return false;
 
-	return bpf_program_cgroup_attach(device, BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
-					 h->container_full_path,
-					 BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI) == 0;
-#else
-	return true;
+	ret = bpf_program_cgroup_attach(devices_new, BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
+					h->container_full_path,
+					BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (ret)
+		return false;
+
+	/* Replace old bpf program. */
+	conf = handler->conf;
+	if (conf->cgroup2_devices) {
+		struct bpf_program *old_devices;
+
+		old_devices = move_ptr(conf->cgroup2_devices);
+		conf->cgroup2_devices = move_ptr(ops->cgroup2_devices);
+		bpf_program_free(old_devices);
+	}
 #endif
+	return true;
 }
 
 __cgfsng_ops static bool cgfsng_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.c
index 5443bd9611..b6244241fe 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.c
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "cgroup.h"
+#include "cgroup2_devices.h"
 #include "conf.h"
 #include "config.h"
 #include "initutils.h"
@@ -86,6 +87,9 @@ void cgroup_exit(struct cgroup_ops *ops)
 	free(ops->cgroup_pattern);
 	free(ops->container_cgroup);
 
+	if (ops->cgroup2_devices)
+		bpf_program_free(ops->cgroup2_devices);
+
 	for (it = ops->hierarchies; it && *it; it++) {
 		char **p;
 
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
index bb6c91cce8..47a1550079 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
@@ -118,6 +118,13 @@ struct cgroup_ops {
 	/* Pointer to the unified hierarchy. Do not free! */
 	struct hierarchy *unified;
 
+	/*
+	 * @cgroup2_devices
+	 * bpf program to limit device access; only applicable to privileged
+	 * containers.
+	 */
+	struct bpf_program *cgroup2_devices;
+
 	/*
 	 * @cgroup_layout
 	 * - What cgroup layout the container is running with.

From 4bfb655ea8d9f824571b970927c4eefb9c97f902 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2019 16:05:44 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 4/5] conf: record cgroup2 devices in parsed format

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
---
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c          | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c |  2 +-
 src/lxc/conf.c                    | 13 +++++++
 src/lxc/conf.h                    | 10 +++++
 src/lxc/log.h                     |  6 +++
 src/lxc/memory_utils.h            |  8 ++++
 6 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
index e2332abd10..4b4a6a92a1 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
@@ -2481,21 +2481,60 @@ static bool __cg_legacy_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int bpf_list_add_device(struct lxc_conf *conf, struct device_item *device)
+{
+	__do_free struct lxc_list *list_elem = NULL;
+	__do_free struct device_item *new_device = NULL;
+	struct lxc_list *it;
+
+	lxc_list_for_each(it, &conf->devices) {
+		struct device_item *cur = it->elem;
+
+		if (cur->type != device->type)
+			continue;
+		if (cur->major != device->major)
+			continue;
+		if (cur->minor != device->minor)
+			continue;
+		if (strcmp(cur->access, device->access))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The rule is switched from allow to deny or vica versa so
+		 * don't bother allocating just flip the existing one.
+		 */
+		if (cur->allow != device->allow) {
+			cur->allow = device->allow;
+			return log_trace(0, "Reusing existing rule of bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d",
+					 cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor,
+					 cur->access, cur->allow);
+		}
+	}
+
+	list_elem = malloc(sizeof(*list_elem));
+	if (!list_elem)
+		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device list");
+
+	new_device = memdup(device, sizeof(struct device_item));
+	if (!new_device)
+		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device item");
+
+	lxc_list_add_elem(list_elem, move_ptr(new_device));
+	lxc_list_add_tail(&conf->devices, move_ptr(list_elem));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /*
  * Some of the parsing logic comes from the original cgroup device v1
  * implementation in the kernel.
  */
-static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct cgroup_ops *ops, const char *key,
+static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
+				     struct lxc_conf *conf, const char *key,
 				     const char *val)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
-	struct device_item {
-		char type;
-		int major;
-		int minor;
-		char access[100];
-		int allow;
-	} device_item = {0};
+	struct device_item device_item = {0};
 	int count, ret;
 	char temp[50];
 	struct bpf_program *device;
@@ -2614,6 +2653,11 @@ static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct cgroup_ops *ops, const char *key,
 		      device_item.type, device_item.major, device_item.minor,
 		      device_item.access, device_item.allow);
 	}
+
+	ret = bpf_list_add_device(conf, &device_item);
+	if (ret)
+		return -1;
+
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2637,7 +2681,7 @@ static bool __cg_unified_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 		struct lxc_cgroup *cg = iterator->elem;
 
 		if (strncmp("devices", cg->subsystem, 7) == 0) {
-			ret = bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(ops, cg->subsystem,
+			ret = bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(ops, conf, cg->subsystem,
 							cg->value);
 		} else {
 			fullpath = must_make_path(h->container_full_path,
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
index d44ab32824..762fd14f6d 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #endif
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <linux/filter.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -24,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
 #include <linux/bpf.h>
+#include <linux/filter.h>
 
 lxc_log_define(cgroup2_devices, cgroup);
 
diff --git a/src/lxc/conf.c b/src/lxc/conf.c
index c03b663835..1cb074b513 100644
--- a/src/lxc/conf.c
+++ b/src/lxc/conf.c
@@ -2736,6 +2736,7 @@ struct lxc_conf *lxc_conf_init(void)
 	new->logfd = -1;
 	lxc_list_init(&new->cgroup);
 	lxc_list_init(&new->cgroup2);
+	lxc_list_init(&new->devices);
 	lxc_list_init(&new->network);
 	lxc_list_init(&new->mount_list);
 	lxc_list_init(&new->caps);
@@ -3883,6 +3884,17 @@ int lxc_clear_cgroups(struct lxc_conf *c, const char *key, int version)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static void lxc_clear_devices(struct lxc_conf *conf)
+{
+	struct lxc_list *list = &conf->devices;
+	struct lxc_list *it, *next;
+
+	lxc_list_for_each_safe(it, list, next) {
+		lxc_list_del(it);
+		free(it);
+	}
+}
+
 int lxc_clear_limits(struct lxc_conf *c, const char *key)
 {
 	struct lxc_list *it, *next;
@@ -4119,6 +4131,7 @@ void lxc_conf_free(struct lxc_conf *conf)
 	lxc_clear_config_keepcaps(conf);
 	lxc_clear_cgroups(conf, "lxc.cgroup", CGROUP_SUPER_MAGIC);
 	lxc_clear_cgroups(conf, "lxc.cgroup2", CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC);
+	lxc_clear_devices(conf);
 	lxc_clear_cgroup2_devices(conf);
 	lxc_clear_hooks(conf, "lxc.hook");
 	lxc_clear_mount_entries(conf);
diff --git a/src/lxc/conf.h b/src/lxc/conf.h
index 741ac4f096..44d7934fe4 100644
--- a/src/lxc/conf.h
+++ b/src/lxc/conf.h
@@ -230,6 +230,14 @@ struct lxc_state_client {
 	lxc_state_t states[MAX_STATE];
 };
 
+struct device_item {
+	char type;
+	int major;
+	int minor;
+	char access[4];
+	int allow;
+};
+
 struct lxc_conf {
 	/* Pointer to the name of the container. Do not free! */
 	const char *name;
@@ -242,6 +250,8 @@ struct lxc_conf {
 		struct lxc_list cgroup;
 		struct lxc_list cgroup2;
 		struct bpf_program *cgroup2_devices;
+		/* This should be reimplemented as a hashmap. */
+		struct lxc_list devices;
 	};
 
 	struct {
diff --git a/src/lxc/log.h b/src/lxc/log.h
index 3c5be95c37..8e45919643 100644
--- a/src/lxc/log.h
+++ b/src/lxc/log.h
@@ -512,6 +512,12 @@ ATTR_UNUSED static inline void LXC_##LEVEL(struct lxc_log_locinfo* locinfo,	\
 		-1;                              \
 	})
 
+#define log_trace(__ret__, format, ...)	      \
+	({                                    \
+		TRACE(format, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+		__ret__;                      \
+	})
+
 extern int lxc_log_fd;
 
 extern int lxc_log_syslog(int facility);
diff --git a/src/lxc/memory_utils.h b/src/lxc/memory_utils.h
index b5220c1899..660e147b7d 100644
--- a/src/lxc/memory_utils.h
+++ b/src/lxc/memory_utils.h
@@ -71,4 +71,12 @@ static inline void __auto_close__(int *fd)
 #define __do_fclose __attribute__((__cleanup__(__auto_fclose__)))
 #define __do_closedir __attribute__((__cleanup__(__auto_closedir__)))
 
+static inline void *memdup(const void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	void *copy = NULL;
+
+	copy = len ? malloc(len) : NULL;
+	return copy ? memcpy(copy, data, len) : NULL;
+}
+
 #endif /* __LXC_MEMORY_UTILS_H */

From 9846f55fd5ae37c2d941b85a1a4a875d05e9e05e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
Date: Sat, 30 Nov 2019 19:33:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/5] cgroups/cgfsng: implement cgroup2 device controller live
 update

Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner at ubuntu.com>
---
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c          | 368 +++++++++++++++---------------
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h          |   1 +
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c | 119 +++++++++-
 src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h |  41 +++-
 src/lxc/commands.c                | 171 +++++++++++---
 src/lxc/commands.h                |   5 +
 src/lxc/conf.h                    |   5 +
 src/lxc/log.h                     |   7 +
 8 files changed, 482 insertions(+), 235 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
index 4b4a6a92a1..bfe701c568 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgfsng.c
@@ -176,6 +176,11 @@ static void must_append_controller(char **klist, char **nlist, char ***clist,
 	(*clist)[newentry] = copy;
 }
 
+static inline bool pure_unified_layout(const struct cgroup_ops *ops)
+{
+	return ops->cgroup_layout == CGROUP_LAYOUT_UNIFIED;
+}
+
 /* Given a handler's cgroup data, return the struct hierarchy for the controller
  * @c, or NULL if there is none.
  */
@@ -196,8 +201,12 @@ struct hierarchy *get_hierarchy(struct cgroup_ops *ops, const char *controller)
 			if (ops->hierarchies[i]->controllers &&
 			    !ops->hierarchies[i]->controllers[0])
 				return ops->hierarchies[i];
-
 			continue;
+		} else if (pure_unified_layout(ops) &&
+			   strcmp(controller, "devices") == 0) {
+			if (ops->unified->bpf_device_controller)
+				return ops->unified;
+			break;
 		}
 
 		if (string_in_list(ops->hierarchies[i]->controllers, controller))
@@ -778,9 +787,9 @@ static char **cg_unified_make_empty_controller(void)
 static char **cg_unified_get_controllers(const char *file)
 {
 	__do_free char *buf = NULL;
-	char *tok;
 	char *sep = " \t\n";
 	char **aret = NULL;
+	char *tok;
 
 	buf = read_file(file);
 	if (!buf)
@@ -2278,12 +2287,116 @@ __cgfsng_ops static int cgfsng_get(struct cgroup_ops *ops, const char *filename,
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static int device_cgroup_rule_parse(struct device_item *device, const char *key,
+				    const char *val)
+{
+	int blacklist_or_err = 0;
+	int count, ret;
+	char temp[50];
+
+	if (strcmp("devices.allow", key) == 0)
+		device->allow = 1;
+	else
+		device->allow = 0;
+
+	if (strcmp(val, "a") == 0) {
+		/* global rule */
+		device->type = 'a';
+		device->major = -1;
+		device->minor = -1;
+		device->global_rule = device->allow;
+		device->allow = -1;
+		return 0;
+	} else {
+		device->global_rule = -1;
+	}
+
+	switch (*val) {
+	case 'a':
+		__fallthrough;
+	case 'b':
+		__fallthrough;
+	case 'c':
+		device->type = *val;
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	val++;
+	if (!isspace(*val))
+		return -1;
+	val++;
+	if (*val == '*') {
+		device->major = -1;
+		val++;
+	} else if (isdigit(*val)) {
+		memset(temp, 0, sizeof(temp));
+		for (count = 0; count < sizeof(temp) - 1; count++) {
+			temp[count] = *val;
+			val++;
+			if (!isdigit(*val))
+				break;
+		}
+		ret = lxc_safe_uint(temp, &device->major);
+		if (ret)
+			return -1;
+	} else {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (*val != ':')
+		return -1;
+	val++;
+
+	/* read minor */
+	if (*val == '*') {
+		device->minor = -1;
+		val++;
+	} else if (isdigit(*val)) {
+		memset(temp, 0, sizeof(temp));
+		for (count = 0; count < sizeof(temp) - 1; count++) {
+			temp[count] = *val;
+			val++;
+			if (!isdigit(*val))
+				break;
+		}
+		ret = lxc_safe_uint(temp, &device->minor);
+		if (ret)
+			return -1;
+	} else {
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (!isspace(*val))
+		return -1;
+	for (val++, count = 0; count < 3; count++, val++) {
+		switch (*val) {
+		case 'r':
+			device->access[count] = *val;
+			break;
+		case 'w':
+			device->access[count] = *val;
+			break;
+		case 'm':
+			device->access[count] = *val;
+			break;
+		case '\n':
+		case '\0':
+			count = 3;
+			break;
+		default:
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Called externally (i.e. from 'lxc-cgroup') to set new cgroup limits.  Here we
  * don't have a cgroup_data set up, so we ask the running container through the
  * commands API for the cgroup path.
  */
 __cgfsng_ops static int cgfsng_set(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
-				     const char *filename, const char *value,
+				     const char *key, const char *value,
 				     const char *name, const char *lxcpath)
 {
 	__do_free char *path = NULL;
@@ -2292,11 +2405,26 @@ __cgfsng_ops static int cgfsng_set(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 	struct hierarchy *h;
 	int ret = -1;
 
-	controller = must_copy_string(filename);
+	controller = must_copy_string(key);
 	p = strchr(controller, '.');
 	if (p)
 		*p = '\0';
 
+	if (pure_unified_layout(ops) && strcmp(controller, "devices") == 0) {
+		struct device_item device = {0};
+
+		ret = device_cgroup_rule_parse(&device, key, value);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return error_log_errno(EINVAL, "Failed to parse device string %s=%s",
+					       key, value);
+
+		ret = lxc_cmd_add_bpf_device_cgroup(name, lxcpath, &device);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return -1;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
 	path = lxc_cmd_get_cgroup_path(name, lxcpath, controller);
 	/* not running */
 	if (!path)
@@ -2306,7 +2434,7 @@ __cgfsng_ops static int cgfsng_set(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 	if (h) {
 		__do_free char *fullpath = NULL;
 
-		fullpath = build_full_cgpath_from_monitorpath(h, path, filename);
+		fullpath = build_full_cgpath_from_monitorpath(h, path, key);
 		ret = lxc_write_to_file(fullpath, value, strlen(value), false, 0666);
 	}
 
@@ -2481,50 +2609,6 @@ static bool __cg_legacy_setup_limits(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static int bpf_list_add_device(struct lxc_conf *conf, struct device_item *device)
-{
-	__do_free struct lxc_list *list_elem = NULL;
-	__do_free struct device_item *new_device = NULL;
-	struct lxc_list *it;
-
-	lxc_list_for_each(it, &conf->devices) {
-		struct device_item *cur = it->elem;
-
-		if (cur->type != device->type)
-			continue;
-		if (cur->major != device->major)
-			continue;
-		if (cur->minor != device->minor)
-			continue;
-		if (strcmp(cur->access, device->access))
-			continue;
-
-		/*
-		 * The rule is switched from allow to deny or vica versa so
-		 * don't bother allocating just flip the existing one.
-		 */
-		if (cur->allow != device->allow) {
-			cur->allow = device->allow;
-			return log_trace(0, "Reusing existing rule of bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d",
-					 cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor,
-					 cur->access, cur->allow);
-		}
-	}
-
-	list_elem = malloc(sizeof(*list_elem));
-	if (!list_elem)
-		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device list");
-
-	new_device = memdup(device, sizeof(struct device_item));
-	if (!new_device)
-		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device item");
-
-	lxc_list_add_elem(list_elem, move_ptr(new_device));
-	lxc_list_add_tail(&conf->devices, move_ptr(list_elem));
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
 /*
  * Some of the parsing logic comes from the original cgroup device v1
  * implementation in the kernel.
@@ -2535,129 +2619,17 @@ static int bpf_device_cgroup_prepare(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
 	struct device_item device_item = {0};
-	int count, ret;
-	char temp[50];
-	struct bpf_program *device;
-
-	if (ops->cgroup2_devices) {
-		device = ops->cgroup2_devices;
-	} else {
-		device = bpf_program_new(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE);
-		if (device && bpf_program_init(device)) {
-			ERROR("Failed to initialize bpf program");
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
-	if (!device) {
-		ERROR("Failed to create new ebpf device program");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	ops->cgroup2_devices = device;
-
-	if (strcmp("devices.allow", key) == 0)
-		device_item.allow = 1;
-
-	if (strcmp(val, "a") == 0) {
-		device->blacklist = (device_item.allow == 1);
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	switch (*val) {
-	case 'a':
-		__fallthrough;
-	case 'b':
-		__fallthrough;
-	case 'c':
-		device_item.type = *val;
-		break;
-	default:
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	val++;
-	if (!isspace(*val))
-		return -1;
-	val++;
-	if (*val == '*') {
-		device_item.major = ~0;
-		val++;
-	} else if (isdigit(*val)) {
-		memset(temp, 0, sizeof(temp));
-		for (count = 0; count < sizeof(temp) - 1; count++) {
-			temp[count] = *val;
-			val++;
-			if (!isdigit(*val))
-				break;
-		}
-		ret = lxc_safe_uint(temp, &device_item.major);
-		if (ret)
-			return -1;
-	} else {
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (*val != ':')
-		return -1;
-	val++;
-
-	/* read minor */
-	if (*val == '*') {
-		device_item.minor = ~0;
-		val++;
-	} else if (isdigit(*val)) {
-		memset(temp, 0, sizeof(temp));
-		for (count = 0; count < sizeof(temp) - 1; count++) {
-			temp[count] = *val;
-			val++;
-			if (!isdigit(*val))
-				break;
-		}
-		ret = lxc_safe_uint(temp, &device_item.minor);
-		if (ret)
-			return -1;
-	} else {
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (!isspace(*val))
-		return -1;
-	for (val++, count = 0; count < 3; count++, val++) {
-		switch (*val) {
-		case 'r':
-			device_item.access[count] = *val;
-			break;
-		case 'w':
-			device_item.access[count] = *val;
-			break;
-		case 'm':
-			device_item.access[count] = *val;
-			break;
-		case '\n':
-		case '\0':
-			count = 3;
-			break;
-		default:
-			return -1;
-		}
-	}
+	int ret;
 
-	ret = bpf_program_append_device(device, device_item.type, device_item.major,
-					device_item.minor, device_item.access,
-					device_item.allow);
-	if (ret) {
-		ERROR("Failed to add new rule to bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d",
-		      device_item.type, device_item.major, device_item.minor,
-		      device_item.access, device_item.allow);
-		return -1;
-	} else {
-		TRACE("Added new rule to bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d",
-		      device_item.type, device_item.major, device_item.minor,
-		      device_item.access, device_item.allow);
-	}
+	ret = device_cgroup_rule_parse(&device_item, key, val);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return error_log_errno(EINVAL,
+				       "Failed to parse device string %s=%s",
+				       key, val);
 
 	ret = bpf_list_add_device(conf, &device_item);
-	if (ret)
+	if (ret < 0)
 		return -1;
-
 #endif
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2705,36 +2677,57 @@ __cgfsng_ops bool cgfsng_devices_activate(struct cgroup_ops *ops,
 					  struct lxc_handler *handler)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
+	__do_bpf_program_free struct bpf_program *devices = NULL;
+	struct lxc_conf *conf = handler->conf;
+	struct hierarchy *unified = ops->unified;
 	int ret;
-	struct lxc_conf *conf;
-	struct hierarchy *h = ops->unified;
-	struct bpf_program *devices_new = ops->cgroup2_devices;
+	struct lxc_list *it;
+	struct bpf_program *devices_old;
 
-	if (!h)
+	if (!unified)
 		return false;
 
-	if (!devices_new)
+	if (lxc_list_empty(&conf->devices))
 		return true;
 
-	ret = bpf_program_finalize(devices_new);
+	devices = bpf_program_new(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE);
+	if (!devices)
+		return log_error(false, ENOMEM,
+				 "Failed to create new bpf program");
+
+	ret = bpf_program_init(devices);
 	if (ret)
-		return false;
+		return log_error(false, ENOMEM,
+				 "Failed to initialize bpf program");
+
+	lxc_list_for_each(it, &conf->devices) {
+		struct device_item *cur = it->elem;
+
+		ret = bpf_program_append_device(devices, cur);
+		if (ret)
+			return log_error(false,
+					 ENOMEM, "Failed to add new rule to bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d, global_rule %d",
+					 cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor,
+					 cur->access, cur->allow, cur->global_rule);
+		TRACE("Added rule to bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d, global_rule %d",
+		      cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor, cur->access,
+		      cur->allow, cur->global_rule);
+	}
+
+	ret = bpf_program_finalize(devices);
+	if (ret)
+		return log_error(false, ENOMEM, "Failed to finalize bpf program");
 
-	ret = bpf_program_cgroup_attach(devices_new, BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
-					h->container_full_path,
+	ret = bpf_program_cgroup_attach(devices, BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
+					unified->container_full_path,
 					BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
 	if (ret)
-		return false;
+		return log_error(false, ENOMEM, "Failed to attach bpf program");
 
 	/* Replace old bpf program. */
-	conf = handler->conf;
-	if (conf->cgroup2_devices) {
-		struct bpf_program *old_devices;
-
-		old_devices = move_ptr(conf->cgroup2_devices);
-		conf->cgroup2_devices = move_ptr(ops->cgroup2_devices);
-		bpf_program_free(old_devices);
-	}
+	devices_old = move_ptr(conf->cgroup2_devices);
+	conf->cgroup2_devices = move_ptr(devices);
+	devices = move_ptr(devices_old);
 #endif
 	return true;
 }
@@ -3045,6 +3038,9 @@ static int cg_unified_init(struct cgroup_ops *ops, bool relative,
 	if (!unprivileged)
 		cg_unified_delegate(&new->cgroup2_chown);
 
+	if (bpf_devices_cgroup_supported())
+		new->bpf_device_controller = 1;
+
 	ops->cgroup_layout = CGROUP_LAYOUT_UNIFIED;
 	ops->unified = new;
 	return CGROUP2_SUPER_MAGIC;
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
index 47a1550079..a3eb46b9d6 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup.h
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ struct hierarchy {
 	char *container_full_path;
 	char *monitor_full_path;
 	int version;
+	int bpf_device_controller:1;
 };
 
 struct cgroup_ops {
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
index 762fd14f6d..52c1860f51 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.c
@@ -195,33 +195,38 @@ int bpf_program_init(struct bpf_program *prog)
 	return bpf_program_add_instructions(prog, pre_insn, ARRAY_SIZE(pre_insn));
 }
 
-int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, char type, int major,
-			      int minor, const char *access, int allow)
+int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, struct device_item *device)
 {
 	int ret;
 	int jump_nr = 1;
 	struct bpf_insn bpf_access_decision[] = {
-	    BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, allow),
+	    BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, device->allow),
 	    BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
 	};
 	int access_mask;
 	int device_type;
 
-	device_type = bpf_device_type(type);
+	/* This is a global rule so no need to append anything. */
+	if (device->global_rule >= 0) {
+		prog->blacklist = device->global_rule;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	device_type = bpf_device_type(device->type);
 	if (device_type < 0)
-		return error_log_errno(EINVAL, "Invalid bpf cgroup device type %c", type);
+		return error_log_errno(EINVAL, "Invalid bpf cgroup device type %c", device->type);
 
 	if (device_type > 0)
 		jump_nr++;
 
-	access_mask = bpf_access_mask(access);
+	access_mask = bpf_access_mask(device->access);
 	if (!bpf_device_all_access(access_mask))
 		jump_nr += 3;
 
-	if (major >= 0)
+	if (device->major != -1)
 		jump_nr++;
 
-	if (minor >= 0)
+	if (device->minor != -1)
 		jump_nr++;
 
 	if (device_type > 0) {
@@ -247,9 +252,9 @@ int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, char type, int major,
 			return error_log_errno(errno, "Failed to add instructions to bpf cgroup program");
 	}
 
-	if (major >= 0) {
+	if (device->major >= 0) {
 		struct bpf_insn ins[] = {
-		    BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_4, major, jump_nr--),
+		    BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_4, device->major, jump_nr--),
 		};
 
 		ret = bpf_program_add_instructions(prog, ins, ARRAY_SIZE(ins));
@@ -257,9 +262,9 @@ int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, char type, int major,
 			return error_log_errno(errno, "Failed to add instructions to bpf cgroup program");
 	}
 
-	if (minor >= 0) {
+	if (device->minor >= 0) {
 		struct bpf_insn ins[] = {
-		    BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_5, minor, jump_nr--),
+		    BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_5, device->minor, jump_nr--),
 		};
 
 		ret = bpf_program_add_instructions(prog, ins, ARRAY_SIZE(ins));
@@ -411,4 +416,94 @@ void lxc_clear_cgroup2_devices(struct lxc_conf *conf)
 		(void)bpf_program_free(conf->cgroup2_devices);
 	}
 }
+
+int bpf_list_add_device(struct lxc_conf *conf, struct device_item *device)
+{
+	__do_free struct lxc_list *list_elem = NULL;
+	__do_free struct device_item *new_device = NULL;
+	struct lxc_list *it;
+
+	lxc_list_for_each(it, &conf->devices) {
+		struct device_item *cur = it->elem;
+
+		if (cur->global_rule != -1 && device->global_rule != -1) {
+			TRACE("Switched from %s to %s",
+			      cur->global_rule == 0 ? "whitelist" : "blacklist",
+			      device->global_rule == 0 ? "whitelist"
+						       : "blacklist");
+			cur->global_rule = device->global_rule;
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		if (cur->type != device->type)
+			continue;
+		if (cur->major != device->major)
+			continue;
+		if (cur->minor != device->minor)
+			continue;
+		if (strcmp(cur->access, device->access))
+			continue;
+
+		/*
+		 * The rule is switched from allow to deny or vica versa so
+		 * don't bother allocating just flip the existing one.
+		 */
+		if (cur->allow != device->allow) {
+			cur->allow = device->allow;
+			return log_trace(0, "Switched existing rule of bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d, global_rule %d",
+					 cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor,
+					 cur->access, cur->allow,
+					 cur->global_rule);
+		}
+
+		return log_trace(1, "Reusing existing rule of bpf device program: type %c, major %d, minor %d, access %s, allow %d, global_rule %d",
+				 cur->type, cur->major, cur->minor, cur->access,
+				 cur->allow, cur->global_rule);
+	}
+
+	list_elem = malloc(sizeof(*list_elem));
+	if (!list_elem)
+		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device list");
+
+	new_device = memdup(device, sizeof(struct device_item));
+	if (!new_device)
+		return error_log_errno(ENOMEM, "Failed to allocate new device item");
+
+	lxc_list_add_elem(list_elem, move_ptr(new_device));
+	lxc_list_add_tail(&conf->devices, move_ptr(list_elem));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+bool bpf_devices_cgroup_supported(void)
+{
+	const struct bpf_insn dummy[] = {
+	    BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 1),
+	    BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
+	};
+
+	__do_bpf_program_free struct bpf_program *prog = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		return log_error(false, EINVAL,
+				 "The bpf device cgroup requires real root");
+
+	prog = bpf_program_new(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE);
+	if (prog < 0)
+		return log_error(false,
+				 errno, "Failed to allocate new bpf device cgroup program");
+
+	ret = bpf_program_add_instructions(prog, dummy, ARRAY_SIZE(dummy));
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return log_error(false,
+				 errno, "Failed to add new instructions to bpf device cgroup program");
+
+	ret = bpf_program_load_kernel(prog, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return log_error(false,
+				 errno, "Failed to load new bpf device cgroup program");
+
+	return log_trace(true, "The bpf device cgroup is supported");
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h
index afcc6b9376..09596fb356 100644
--- a/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h
+++ b/src/lxc/cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #ifndef __LXC_CGROUP2_DEVICES_H
 #define __LXC_CGROUP2_DEVICES_H
 
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
@@ -79,53 +80,61 @@ struct bpf_program {
 #ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
 struct bpf_program *bpf_program_new(uint32_t prog_type);
 int bpf_program_init(struct bpf_program *prog);
-int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, char type, int major,
-			      int minor, const char *access, int allow);
+int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog,
+			      struct device_item *device);
 int bpf_program_finalize(struct bpf_program *prog);
 int bpf_program_cgroup_attach(struct bpf_program *prog, int type,
 			      const char *path, uint32_t flags);
 int bpf_program_cgroup_detach(struct bpf_program *prog);
 void bpf_program_free(struct bpf_program *prog);
 void lxc_clear_cgroup2_devices(struct lxc_conf *conf);
-static inline void __do_bpf_program_free(struct bpf_program **prog)
+bool bpf_devices_cgroup_supported(void);
+static inline void __auto_bpf_program_free__(struct bpf_program **prog)
 {
 	if (*prog) {
 		bpf_program_free(*prog);
 		*prog = NULL;
 	}
 }
+int bpf_list_add_device(struct lxc_conf *conf, struct device_item *device);
 #else
 static inline struct bpf_program *bpf_program_new(uint32_t prog_type)
 {
+	errno = ENOSYS;
 	return NULL;
 }
 
 static inline int bpf_program_init(struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
-	return -ENOSYS;
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline int bpf_program_append_device(struct bpf_program *prog, char type,
 					    int major, int minor,
 					    const char *access, int allow)
 {
-	return -ENOSYS;
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline int bpf_program_finalize(struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
-	return -ENOSYS;
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline int bpf_program_cgroup_attach(struct bpf_program *prog, int type,
 					    const char *path, uint32_t flags)
 {
-	return -ENOSYS;
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline int bpf_program_cgroup_detach(struct bpf_program *prog)
 {
-	return -ENOSYS;
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 
 static inline void bpf_program_free(struct bpf_program *prog)
@@ -136,9 +145,23 @@ static inline void lxc_clear_cgroup2_devices(struct lxc_conf *conf)
 {
 }
 
-static inline void __do_bpf_program_free(struct bpf_program **prog)
+static inline bool bpf_devices_cgroup_supported(void)
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+static inline void __auto_bpf_program_free__(struct bpf_program **prog)
+{
+}
+
+int bpf_list_add_device(struct lxc_conf *conf, struct device_item *device)
 {
+	errno = ENOSYS;
+	return -1;
 }
 #endif
 
+#define __do_bpf_program_free \
+	__attribute__((__cleanup__(__auto_bpf_program_free__)))
+
 #endif /* __LXC_CGROUP2_DEVICES_H */
diff --git a/src/lxc/commands.c b/src/lxc/commands.c
index 90e3c5863d..f4920c7846 100644
--- a/src/lxc/commands.c
+++ b/src/lxc/commands.c
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 
 #include "af_unix.h"
 #include "cgroup.h"
+#include "cgroups/cgroup2_devices.h"
 #include "commands.h"
 #include "commands_utils.h"
 #include "conf.h"
@@ -85,20 +86,21 @@ lxc_log_define(commands, lxc);
 static const char *lxc_cmd_str(lxc_cmd_t cmd)
 {
 	static const char *const cmdname[LXC_CMD_MAX] = {
-		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE]             = "console",
-		[LXC_CMD_TERMINAL_WINCH]      = "terminal_winch",
-		[LXC_CMD_STOP]                = "stop",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_STATE]           = "get_state",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_INIT_PID]        = "get_init_pid",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CLONE_FLAGS]     = "get_clone_flags",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CGROUP]          = "get_cgroup",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CONFIG_ITEM]     = "get_config_item",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_NAME]            = "get_name",
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_LXCPATH]         = "get_lxcpath",
-		[LXC_CMD_ADD_STATE_CLIENT]    = "add_state_client",
-		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE_LOG]         = "console_log",
-		[LXC_CMD_SERVE_STATE_CLIENTS] = "serve_state_clients",
-		[LXC_CMD_SECCOMP_NOTIFY_ADD_LISTENER] = "seccomp_notify_add_listener",
+		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE]			= "console",
+		[LXC_CMD_TERMINAL_WINCH]      		= "terminal_winch",
+		[LXC_CMD_STOP]                		= "stop",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_STATE]           		= "get_state",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_INIT_PID]        		= "get_init_pid",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CLONE_FLAGS]     		= "get_clone_flags",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CGROUP]          		= "get_cgroup",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CONFIG_ITEM]     		= "get_config_item",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_NAME]            		= "get_name",
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_LXCPATH]         		= "get_lxcpath",
+		[LXC_CMD_ADD_STATE_CLIENT]		= "add_state_client",
+		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE_LOG]			= "console_log",
+		[LXC_CMD_SERVE_STATE_CLIENTS]		= "serve_state_clients",
+		[LXC_CMD_SECCOMP_NOTIFY_ADD_LISTENER]	= "seccomp_notify_add_listener",
+		[LXC_CMD_ADD_BPF_DEVICE_CGROUP]		= "add_bpf_device_cgroup",
 	};
 
 	if (cmd >= LXC_CMD_MAX)
@@ -925,6 +927,118 @@ static int lxc_cmd_add_state_client_callback(int fd, struct lxc_cmd_req *req,
 	return 1;
 }
 
+int lxc_cmd_add_bpf_device_cgroup(const char *name, const char *lxcpath,
+				  struct device_item *device)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
+	int stopped = 0;
+	struct lxc_cmd_rr cmd = {
+	    .req = {
+		.cmd     = LXC_CMD_ADD_BPF_DEVICE_CGROUP,
+		.data    = device,
+		.datalen = sizeof(struct device_item),
+	    },
+	};
+	int ret;
+
+	if (strlen(device->access) > STRLITERALLEN("rwm"))
+		return error_log_errno(EINVAL, "Invalid access mode specified %s",
+				       device->access);
+
+	ret = lxc_cmd(name, &cmd, &stopped, lxcpath, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0 || cmd.rsp.ret < 0)
+		return error_log_errno(errno, "Failed to add new bpf device cgroup rule");
+
+	return 0;
+#else
+	return minus_one_set_errno(ENOSYS);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int lxc_cmd_add_bpf_device_cgroup_callback(int fd, struct lxc_cmd_req *req,
+						  struct lxc_handler *handler,
+						  struct lxc_epoll_descr *descr)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_STRUCT_BPF_CGROUP_DEV_CTX
+	__do_bpf_program_free struct bpf_program *devices = NULL;
+	struct lxc_cmd_rsp rsp = {0};
+	struct lxc_conf *conf = handler->conf;
+	struct hierarchy *unified = handler->cgroup_ops->unified;
+	struct lxc_list *list_elem = NULL;
+	struct device_item *new_device = NULL;
+	int ret;
+	struct lxc_list *it;
+	struct device_item *device;
+	struct bpf_program *devices_old;
+
+	if (req->datalen <= 0)
+		goto reap_client_fd;
+
+	if (req->datalen != sizeof(struct device_item))
+		goto reap_client_fd;
+
+	if (!req->data)
+		goto reap_client_fd;
+	device = (struct device_item *)req->data;
+
+	rsp.ret = -1;
+	if (!unified)
+		goto respond;
+
+	ret = bpf_list_add_device(conf, device);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto respond;
+
+	devices = bpf_program_new(BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE);
+	if (!devices)
+		goto respond;
+
+	ret = bpf_program_init(devices);
+	if (ret)
+		goto respond;
+
+	lxc_list_for_each(it, &conf->devices) {
+		struct device_item *cur = it->elem;
+
+		ret = bpf_program_append_device(devices, cur);
+		if (ret)
+			goto respond;
+	}
+
+	ret = bpf_program_finalize(devices);
+	if (ret)
+		goto respond;
+
+	ret = bpf_program_cgroup_attach(devices, BPF_CGROUP_DEVICE,
+					unified->container_full_path,
+					BPF_F_ALLOW_MULTI);
+	if (ret)
+		goto respond;
+
+	/* Replace old bpf program. */
+	devices_old = move_ptr(conf->cgroup2_devices);
+	conf->cgroup2_devices = move_ptr(devices);
+	devices = move_ptr(devices_old);
+
+	rsp.ret = 0;
+
+respond:
+	ret = lxc_cmd_rsp_send(fd, &rsp);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto reap_client_fd;
+
+	return 0;
+
+reap_client_fd:
+	/* Special indicator to lxc_cmd_handler() to close the fd and do related
+	 * cleanup.
+	 */
+	return 1;
+#else
+	return minus_one_set_errno(ENOSYS);
+#endif
+}
+
 int lxc_cmd_console_log(const char *name, const char *lxcpath,
 			struct lxc_console_log *log)
 {
@@ -1123,20 +1237,21 @@ static int lxc_cmd_process(int fd, struct lxc_cmd_req *req,
 				struct lxc_epoll_descr *);
 
 	callback cb[LXC_CMD_MAX] = {
-		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE]                     = lxc_cmd_console_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_TERMINAL_WINCH]              = lxc_cmd_terminal_winch_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_STOP]                        = lxc_cmd_stop_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_STATE]                   = lxc_cmd_get_state_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_INIT_PID]                = lxc_cmd_get_init_pid_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CLONE_FLAGS]             = lxc_cmd_get_clone_flags_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CGROUP]                  = lxc_cmd_get_cgroup_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_CONFIG_ITEM]             = lxc_cmd_get_config_item_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_NAME]                    = lxc_cmd_get_name_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_GET_LXCPATH]                 = lxc_cmd_get_lxcpath_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_ADD_STATE_CLIENT]            = lxc_cmd_add_state_client_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE_LOG]                 = lxc_cmd_console_log_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_SERVE_STATE_CLIENTS]         = lxc_cmd_serve_state_clients_callback,
-		[LXC_CMD_SECCOMP_NOTIFY_ADD_LISTENER] = lxc_cmd_seccomp_notify_add_listener_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE]			= lxc_cmd_console_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_TERMINAL_WINCH]              	= lxc_cmd_terminal_winch_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_STOP]                        	= lxc_cmd_stop_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_STATE]                   	= lxc_cmd_get_state_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_INIT_PID]                	= lxc_cmd_get_init_pid_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CLONE_FLAGS]             	= lxc_cmd_get_clone_flags_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CGROUP]                  	= lxc_cmd_get_cgroup_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_CONFIG_ITEM]             	= lxc_cmd_get_config_item_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_NAME]                    	= lxc_cmd_get_name_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_GET_LXCPATH]                 	= lxc_cmd_get_lxcpath_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_ADD_STATE_CLIENT]            	= lxc_cmd_add_state_client_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_CONSOLE_LOG]                 	= lxc_cmd_console_log_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_SERVE_STATE_CLIENTS]         	= lxc_cmd_serve_state_clients_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_SECCOMP_NOTIFY_ADD_LISTENER] 	= lxc_cmd_seccomp_notify_add_listener_callback,
+		[LXC_CMD_ADD_BPF_DEVICE_CGROUP]		= lxc_cmd_add_bpf_device_cgroup_callback,
 	};
 
 	if (req->cmd >= LXC_CMD_MAX) {
diff --git a/src/lxc/commands.h b/src/lxc/commands.h
index d7d0c6096a..008b7c30e2 100644
--- a/src/lxc/commands.h
+++ b/src/lxc/commands.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ typedef enum {
 	LXC_CMD_CONSOLE_LOG,
 	LXC_CMD_SERVE_STATE_CLIENTS,
 	LXC_CMD_SECCOMP_NOTIFY_ADD_LISTENER,
+	LXC_CMD_ADD_BPF_DEVICE_CGROUP,
 	LXC_CMD_MAX,
 } lxc_cmd_t;
 
@@ -131,4 +132,8 @@ extern int lxc_cmd_seccomp_notify_add_listener(const char *name,
 					       /* unused */ unsigned int command,
 					       /* unused */ unsigned int flags);
 
+struct device_item;
+extern int lxc_cmd_add_bpf_device_cgroup(const char *name, const char *lxcpath,
+					 struct device_item *device);
+
 #endif /* __commands_h */
diff --git a/src/lxc/conf.h b/src/lxc/conf.h
index 44d7934fe4..9142d31710 100644
--- a/src/lxc/conf.h
+++ b/src/lxc/conf.h
@@ -236,6 +236,11 @@ struct device_item {
 	int minor;
 	char access[4];
 	int allow;
+	/* -1 -> no global rule
+	 *  0 -> whitelist (deny all)
+	 *  1 -> blacklist (allow all)
+	 */
+	int global_rule;
 };
 
 struct lxc_conf {
diff --git a/src/lxc/log.h b/src/lxc/log.h
index 8e45919643..c6b2be2d6e 100644
--- a/src/lxc/log.h
+++ b/src/lxc/log.h
@@ -518,6 +518,13 @@ ATTR_UNUSED static inline void LXC_##LEVEL(struct lxc_log_locinfo* locinfo,	\
 		__ret__;                      \
 	})
 
+#define log_error(__ret__, __errno__, format, ...) \
+	({                                         \
+		errno = __errno__;                 \
+		SYSERROR(format, ##__VA_ARGS__);   \
+		__ret__;                           \
+	})
+
 extern int lxc_log_fd;
 
 extern int lxc_log_syslog(int facility);


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